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快3网站2023-01-31 16:05

扫清误区 科学抗癌******

  近日,美国一名自然疗法医生因在新冠病毒大流行期间,宣传虚假的新冠病毒免疫疗法和出售虚假疫苗接种卡而被法官判处近3年监禁。无独有偶,去年9月,号称“中国自然疗法第一人”的于伟,因涉嫌以自然疗法的名义对一名癌症患者实施诈骗,而被上海闵行检察院提起诉讼并最终获刑。得了癌症的人容易病急乱投医,这也让一些别有用心之人有了可乘之机,因此我们要擦亮双眼,正确认识癌症治疗。

  癌症患者易病急乱投医陷入认识误区

  中国医学科学院肿瘤医院乳腺外科副主任医师杨雪告诉科技日报记者,自然疗法通常被认为是一种应用与人类生活有直接关系的物质或方法,如食物、空气、水、阳光、睡眠以及有益于健康的精神因素,如希望、信仰等,来保持和恢复健康的一种行为,是一种非医疗手段。

  杨雪指出,由于传统癌症治疗方法中的放化疗存在一定副作用,让很多癌症患者对正规治疗心存恐惧和抗拒。“而自然疗法听上去‘很纯天然’,加之一些机构或个人为了利益过度夸大其作用,甚至不惜欺骗患者,使一些患者将自然疗法视为救命稻草,导致了悲剧的发生。”杨雪表示。

  除此之外,在癌症治疗中,一些人还企图通过限制饮食达到“饿死”肿瘤细胞的目的,并号称这是“饥饿疗法”。其实,这是一种完全错误的行为。

  肿瘤是肿瘤细胞异常增殖导致的疾病,这种增殖带有无序性和掠夺性。北京大学肿瘤医院核医学科研究员朱华介绍,在治疗黑色素瘤时,有一个经典的疗法叫做精氨酸剥夺治疗。黑色素瘤在生长的过程中需要摄取一种非天然氨基酸——精氨酸。人体不能合成这种氨基酸,需要外界提供,因而对患有黑色素瘤的患者,通过服用阻止精氨酸在人体代谢的药物,可以实现对黑色素瘤生长的控制。“这个可能是肿瘤‘饥饿疗法’最有效的案例。”朱华说,但此“饥饿疗法”非彼“饥饿疗法”,实际上,大部分肿瘤是“饿”不死的。“饿死”肿瘤和饿死人这两个概念是不一样的。

  “肿瘤长在身体里面,只要人体有血液供应,肿瘤就能得到生长所需要的营养物质。因而,用限制饮食来‘饿死’肿瘤的做法不但不能‘饿死’肿瘤,反而还有可能降低机体抵抗力,得不偿失。”朱华说。

  要选择正规医院进行咨询和治疗

  杨雪告诫,癌症诊断和治疗都有行业金标准,不要轻信非正规医疗机构的所谓诊断和治疗;对于那些号称能治愈所有癌症、取材自然、没有毒副作用,或者打着民间偏方、祖传秘方,以及“保密专利药物”等旗号的,都需要小心背后的骗局。

  杨雪说,鉴别一种疗法有没有效果,是不是在临床得到应用,有条件的患者可以在中国知网、万方数据库或者其他专业网站查阅发表在医学期刊的文献。如果生病,一定要选择正规医院进行咨询和治疗,不要随便相信私人印刷的宣传单、街边小报和不靠谱的网站等,更不要在所谓大仙、大师的忽悠下方寸大乱,误入圈套。如果需要咨询,一定要选择专业医疗机构。

  杨雪认为,民间流传的没得到研究证明的方法或许有一定效果,但每位癌症患者的治疗时间窗口非常宝贵,别因此错过了已经证明有效的方法和最佳治疗时机。“不当的治疗方法还可能损害身体抵抗力,导致癌症进一步恶化。”杨雪说。

  “无论是什么疗法,都只是患癌后不得不面对的选择,更重要的还是预防癌症的发生。”杨雪建议,日常生活中,人们应当每年进行一次包含癌症检测项目的体检;对于有癌症家族史的人群,可以考虑去医院做遗传咨询或基因检测;另外,也要注意养成健康的生活方式,做到饮食均衡,注意控制体重,戒烟戒酒,规律作息,保持情志舒畅。(记者 罗朝淑)

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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